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HomeMy WebLinkAbout4/20/1992 Next Resolution No. 92-12 AGENDA CITY OF DIAMOND BAR PLANNING COMMISSION SOUTH COAST AIR QUALITY MANAGEMENT DISTRICT AUDITORIUM 21865 E. COPLEY DRIVE DIAMOND BAR, CA 91765 April 20, 1992 CALL TO ORDER:7:00 pm PLEDGE OF ALLEGIANCE ROLL CALL:COMMISSIONERS: Chairman Flamenbaum, Vice Chairman MacBride, Grothe, Li and Meyer MATTERS FROM THE AUDIENCE/PUBLIC COMMENTS: This is the time and place for the general public to address the members of the Planning Commission on any item that is within their jurisdiction, allowing the public an opportunity to speak on non-public hearing and non-agenda items. Please complete a Speaker's Card for the recording Secretary (completion of this form is voluntary). There is a five minute maximum time limit when addressing the Planning Commission. * * * * * * * * OLD BUSINESS: None NEW BUSINESS: None CONTINUED PUBLIC HEARING 1.Draft General Plan The Diamond Bar General Plan is a statement by local citizens of what they feel is in the best interest of their community. It serves as a blueprint for the type of community they desire for the future, and provides the means by which that future can be obtained. The General Plan expresses, in the form of text, maps and illustrations, the policies and programs necessary to create and maintain a functional, healthful and desirable environment in which to work and live. The Diamond Bar General Plan will serve as a comprehensive strategy for the management of growth and change in our community throughout the next twenty years. The Proposed General Plan addresses both the incorporated city limits and its adopted sphere of influence. The Draft Environmental Impact Report (DEIR) prepared for the Diamond Bar General Plan addresses the environmental impacts created by the Plan as well as mitigation measures for the impacts. The Draft Diamond Bar General Plan incorporates the seven required general plan elements (land use, housing, open space, conservation, safety, noise, and circulation) into five major sections: The Plan for Public Services and Facilities The Plan for Resource Management The Plan for Public Health and Safety The Plan for Physical Mobility The Plan for Community Development The focus of the April 20, 1992, hearing will be to review the Plan for Resource Management (Open Space and Conservation Elements). ANNOUNCEMENTS: Staff Planning Commissioners ADJOURNMENT: 2.April 27, 1992 7:00 p.m. The Planning Commission will determine at 10:00 p.m. whether or not any public agenda items which have not been initiated by 10:30 p.m. will be heard or continued to the next regularly scheduled Planning Commission meeting. Any item initiated before 10:00 p.m. on which a conclusion has not been reached by 10:30 p.m. may be continued to the next regularly scheduled meeting or a special meeting. CITY OF DIAMOND BAR INTEROFFICE MEMORANDUM DATE:April 15, 1992 MEETING DATE: April 20, 1992 TO:Honorable Chairman and Planning Commissioners FROM:James DeStefano, Community Development Director SUBJECT:Review of the General Plan Open Space and Conservation Elements (Plan for Resource Management) BACKGROUND The Planning Commission began a series of public hearings regarding the General Plan on April 13, 1992. The commission has reviewed and approved the Plan for Public Services and Facilities. Pursuant to the approved schedule the commission will review the Plan for Resource Management on April 20, 1992. Attached for the Commission's information are excerpts from the State of California publication entitled "General Plan Guidelines" regarding the Open Space and Conservation Elements. Please also review the Plan for Resource Management as approved by the GPAC on April 9, 1992 (attached) and relevant sections of both the Master Environmental Assessment and the Master Environmental Impact Report. RECOMMENDATION It is recommended that the Planning Commission open the Public Hearing on the entire General Plan, specifically receive testimony and approve the Plan for Resource Management and continue the General Plan to April 27, 1992. First Draft July 16, 1991 - Proposed revisions are a result of Parks and Recreation Commission input. approved 2-27-92. Additions: hold and underlineRevision by GPAC 4-9-92 Deletions: stpikeeutApproved by GPAC 4-9-92 II. PLAN FOR RESOURCE MANAGEMENT A.INTRODUCTION Open Space Elements and Conservation Elements were first required to be a part of city and county General Plans in 1970. Within Diamond Bar, many issues dealing with conservation also overlap issues related to open space, such as "open space for the preservation of natural resources" and "open space for the managed production of resources" (State of California General Plan Guidelines). As a result of this overlap and interdependency, these two general plan requirements have been combined into a Plan for Resource Management, which is permitted under State law. Diamond Bar recognizes its role as a responsible steward of all lands within its jurisdiction. As a consequence, the City intends to take an active role in the management of its natural and open space resources for the benefit of the community now, and in the future. The Plan for Resource Management deals with "open-space land" issues, defined by Section 65560(b) of the Government Code as "any parcel or area of land or water which is essentially unimproved and devoted to open space use..." Open space uses encompass four principal categories: natural resources; managed production of resources; outdoor recreation; and public health and safety. The first part of this Plan addresses open space and visual resources, biological resources, and parks and recreation. The Plan for Resource Management also establishes strategies for effectively managing local natural resources to prevent waste, destruction, or neglect. This portion of the General Plan is concerned with the conservation, development, and utilization of natural resources such as water (including reclaimed wastewater), energy, and the disposal and reuse of solid wastes. As recommended in state law, agriculture and mineral resources are two other natural resources that are analyzed. It is the intent of the Plan for Resource Management to: • Create and retain an open space system which will conserve natural resources, preserve scenic beauty, promote a healthy community atmosphere, provide open space for outdoor recreation, and protect the public safety. •Identify limits on the natural resources needed to support urban and rural development within the City and its sphere of influence, and ensure that those resources are used wisely and not abused. •To provide a park, recreation and open space system which enhances the livability of urban and suburban areas by providing parks for residential neighborhoods; preserving significant natural, scenic, and other open space resources; and meeting the open space and recreational needs of Diamond Bar residents. The Plan for Resource Management is closely related to the Land Use portion of the Plan for Community Development since areas designated for open space must be consistent with designations on the Land Use map. Areas designated as open space for public health and safety reasons in the Plan for Resource Management are similarly addressed in the Plan for Public Health and Safety. B.EXISTING CONDITIONS 1.OPEN SPACE AND VISUAL RESOURCES Diamond Bar is well known as a master-planned hillside residential community with outstanding . of natural slopes and ridgelines. There are a number of undeveloped areas in the City that constitute Potential open space resources such as: Sandstone Canyon, located west of Brea Canyon and north of Pathfinder; Canyons and slopes west of the 57 Freeway, south of Pathfinder Road and south of Brea Cutoff Road; hillsides east of the 57 Freeway; Upper Sycamore Canyon area between Leyland and Diamond Bar Boulevard: Tres Hermanos area. The portion of Tonner Canyon that is within the City's sphere of influence offers tremendous open space and visual resources. Angeles4Grenge-eeenty-line, The natural slopes and ridges have provided an identity to the urban environment of the City. 2.BIOLOGICAL RESOURCES While Diamond Bar still contains several areas that support native plants and animals, these resources have undergone considerable transition over the years. The native flora and fauna which once inhabited the City have been largely eliminated in developed areas. Historical agricultural and recent urban development have removed large areas of natural vegetative cover. Animals that once inhabited the valley floor have been forced into nearby undisturbed areas to the southwest, CITY OF DIAMOND BAR PLAN FOR RESOURCE MANAGEMENT Revised 2-27-92 Parks and Rec. Commission and 4-9-92 by GPAC 11.2 south, southeast, and east of the City limits. Within the City, the following areas still support significant biological habitats and plant species: •Sandstone Canyon - Located west of the 57 Freeway, north of Pathfinder Road. This area encompassing over 100 acres (with three smaller canyons), contains stands of mature riparian vegetation along a meandering stream channel. Major plant species include coast live oak, western sycamore, California black walnut, and willow. This area also supports a variety of wildlife including small and large mammals that can tolerate proximity to humans such as mice, squirrels, racoon, coyote, and occasionally mule deer. •Upper Sycamore Canyon - This 400-acre area encompasses the upper section of Sycamore Canyon (the lower section is already a natural City park), and is referred to as the Bramalea property. •Tres Hermanos - The largest "vacant" or open area in the City is the Tres Hermanos property at the northeastern corner of Diamond Bar. This 90431--l- go.-±_ acre area has been grazed extensively, and contains a few small canyons with remnant oak woodland plants. •Tonner Canyon - The City's sphere of influence, encompassing the middle 3,600 acres of Tonner Canyon, which is considered a "Significant Ecological Area" (SEA) by Los Angeles County due to its wealth of biological resources. This portion of the canyon contains extensive stands of riparian, oak, and walnut woodland plants, which are considered sensitive and important native plant habitats by the California Department of Fish and Game. Tanner Canyon supports a diverse population of native animals, including the California ground squirrel, cottontail rabbit, coyote, the Pacific as well as possibly the endangered Stephen's kangaroo rat, and several species of mice. Numerous birds also utilize this area, including several species of hawks and owls, which are all protected under California Fish and Game laws. A sensitive species of pond turtle was also observed in the upper portion of the canyon, although it was just outside of the City limits and sphere of influence. There is probably a low potential for sensitive plant species to occur within the City limits of Diamond Bar, due to the amount of previous disturbance. However, undisturbed areas such as Sandstone Canyon may contain sensitive plants such as Dudleva multicaulis, among others. Rare or endangered animal species are not found within the City, although it is possible that areas with sandy soil, especially in the previously identified natural areas, may harbor the endangered Stephen's kangaroo rat. 3.PARKS AND RECREATION There are tikiffiefeus several existing park and recreation facilities within the City's boundaries that provide active and passive recreational opportunities to City residents. The City has seven developed Darks ranging in size from 2 acres to 26 acres. The City also has two undeveloped parks and one joint Park facility with Walnut Valley Unified School District. Small athletic fields and playgrounds are available at the 8 elementary and 2 intermediate schools in the City. More extensive fields and a gymnasium are available at Diamond Bar High School. There are also several quasi-public and private recreational facilities, including the Diamond Bar golf course, "The Country" park, YMCA and Little League fields on Sunset Crossing. CITY OF DIAMOND BAR PLAN FOR RESOURCE MANAGEMENT Revised 2-27-92 Parks and Rec. Commission and 4-9-92 by GPAC The State and National recreation anencies recommend a minimum of 2 acres of developed active public parkland and 0.5 acres of undeveloped or passive parklands. The City ratio of 1.1 acres of developed public parkland Per 1000 residents is under the State and National recreation agencies recommendation, which will need to be addressed. The City will need to provide adequate park acreage and recreation facilities to serve the need to present and future residents. Currently, within the City there is a total of 470.8 acres of recreational facilities. The City also owns 75.5 acres of undeveloped parkland. Within the City there are quasi-public parkland and/or facilities that may require fees; these include the Diamond Bar Golf Course, YMCA and Little League fields. There is also a private Parkland and facility which consists of "The Country" park. Only residents of "The Country" can use the park which consists of 16.4 developed acres and 133.5 undeveloped acres. The City is located within an hour of several regional recreation and national forest areas such as the San Gabriel and San Bernardino National Forests to the north and northeast, which include the summer and winter resort areas of Big Bear Lake and Lake Arrowhead. The forests provide outdoor activities as 'diverse as swimming, boating, hiking, camping, downhill skiing, and cross country skiing. There are also County recreation facilities available at Schabarum Regional Park to the west and Bonelli Regional Park to the north (which contains Puddingstone Lake). Within the City, the 57 Freeway is designated as a State Scenic Highway with views of the mountains to the north and east. Local roadways such as Golden Springs Drive, Diamond Bar Boulevard, and Grand Avenue offer a variety of flifa suburban and open views within the City. CITY OF DIAMOND BAR PLAN FOR RESOURCE MANAGEMENT Revised 2-27-92 Parks and Rec. Commission and 4-9-92 by GPAC 114 4.WATER RESOURCES One of the fundamental long-term constraints for both urban and rural development is the availability and quality of water. As throughout Southern California, water availability has become, and will remain, a major resource constraint facing Diamond Bar. The strategies for this section focus on the actions which must be taken to ensure the continuing supply of water needed to support Diamond Bar's future. Water is provided to the area by the Three Valley Water District but locally distributed through the Walnut Valley Water District. Ultimately, almost all local water districts receive most of their imported water (other than groundwater) from the Metropolitan Water District (MWD). As a result of the ongoing State-wide drought, now in its thifel sixth year, the MWD has restricted local water supplies by 25 percent through the imposition of surcharges on water that is supplied in excess of these levels. A Master Plan of Water is being prepared by the Walnut Valley Water District which will estimates a buildout population for Diamond Bar on the order of approximately 75,000 residents, which is higher than the estimated buildout of the City. The degree to which the modest amount of growth projected by the General Plan can be accommodated by the local water districts will depend on the regional availability of water. 5.ENERGY RESOURCES The availability of energy resources is a growing societal concern. Urban and suburban land uses within the City all rely on the availability of a continuing supply of affordable energy resources. However, recent experience has been that unless society's awareness of the critical nature of energy availability is increased, significant dislocations in the economy and local quality of life can result. Energy conservation is not only necessary to the continued functioning of modern society, but provides immediate benefits to individuals and businesses in utility bill savings and improved air quality. The strategies provided for this section propose energy efficient building and land use practices. Many other actions needed to conserve energy require cooperation with federal and State agencies, as well as with the Gas Company and Southern California Edison, which have indicated its interest in promoting energy conservation. 6.SOLID WASTE Landfill disposal of solid wastes and the conservation of recyclable materials have become important public concerns by reason of the diminishina capacity of landfill space and growing environmental problems facing our State. For this reason, the State Legislature passed the California Integrated Waste Management Act of 1989. The Act, also known as AB 939, requires CITY OF DIAMOND BAR PLAN FOR RESOURCE MANAGEMENT Revised 2-27-92 Perks and Rec. Commission and 4-9-92 by GPAC each city to prepare, adopt, and implement a Source Reduction and Recyclino Element (SRRE) which identifies how that jurisdiction will divert, through a combination of source reduction, recycling, and composting programs, 25% of solid wastes from landfill disposal by 1995, and 50% or the maximum amount feasible by the year 2000. Since the improper disposal of hazardous wastes oose a more serious risk to the public's health and threaten the environment in which we live, the Legislature passed AB 2707 which requires each city to prepare a Household Hazardous Waste Element (HHWE). The HHWE describes how the City will dispose of hazardous substances like household cleaners, paints, pesticides, and motor oil. 7.AGRICULTURE The City of Diamond Bar presently has no important agricultural farmlands according to the California Department of Conservation, Division of Land Resource Protection, and the Soil Conservation Service of the U.S. Department of Agriculture. These agencies classify important farmland into six categories according to soil type: prime; potential prime, statewide important; locally important; and unique farmlands. While none of these classifications have been applied to soils in Diamond Bar, the area did at one time support extensive walnut groves and cattle ranches. Over the last 30 years, the farm and ranchlands that once typified Diamond Bar have been converted to urban and suburban uses. Prior to 1900, the production of walnuts and cattle grazing were the primary agricultural activities within the City. Today, only scattered grazing remains, primarily on the Tres Hermanos property in the northeastern corner of the City. This area contains the "headwaters" of Tonner Canyon, and the upper portions of this canyon, just south of Tres Hermanos and west of Diamond Bar, are also grazed periodically. The middle portion of Tonner Canyon, within the City's sphere of influence, supports oil production, as well as the Firestone Boy Scout Camp, and is not grazed on a regular basis. The entire Southern California region is experiencing a strong demand for housing and urban development. Because of this demand and the inevitable conflicts between urbanization and agriculture, previously extensive agricultural land in the City has already been systematically removed from production. Therefore, it is the City's intent to eventually phase out the incidental amount of agriculture (grazing) that remains within the City. 8.MINERAL RESOURCES The City of Diamond Bar does not contain any identified (significant) mineral resources. The State of California has established four categories of Mineral Resource Zones (MRZs). Most of Diamond Bar is considered in MRZ-1, which identifies areas where adequate information indicates no significant aggregate deposits are present. However, a particular bedrock formation (Puente) underlies scattered portions of the City. This formation is classified as MRZ-3, which identifies areas that may contain aggregate mineral deposits but whose significance cannot be evaluated from available data. Based on available data, development in Diamond Bar will have to import substantial quantities of aggregate materials anyway, since none of the surrounding areas contain extensive deposits. CITY OF DIAMOND BAR PLAN FOR RESOURCE MANAGEMENT Revised 2-27-92 Parks and Rec. Commission and 4-9-92 by GPAC 114 C. RESOURCE MANAGEMENT ISSUES 1.OPEN SPACE AND VISUAL RESOURCES There are several major vacant hillside or open space areas remaining in the City, which are under various pressures to develop. Many currently open lands were previously restricted from development by the County. The City has the option to continue to apply restrictions or to allow additional development. The City needs to determine which areas will be preserved and what means to use to best assure their protection. These areas should be incorporated into the planning process for (new) active and passive parks. This is especially true for the future new development on the Tres Hermanos, Bramalea, and Sandstone Canyon properties. In addition, planning for Tonner Canyon should be done in conjunction with local property owners and representatives from the various jurisdictions that overlap Tonner Canyon. ISSUE ANALYSIS: the residents. There is a need to provide a balanced open space plan which responds to existing and future developments; within the City as--well--as-within and the sphere of influence. 2.BIOLOGICAL RESOURCES In addition to the sphere of influence (Tonner Canyon), the City still contains several areas with significant biological resources. These areas should be considered for preservation in conjunction with important open space and visual resource areas. Areas should be selected for preservation to jar-esefve su_Dport the maximum amount of biological resources for the longest period of time,„ This includes wildlife corridors to prevent isolation and loss of diversity in biological "islands" if they are cut off from larger and more diverse areas. There is also no trail system linking these facilities together, which are needed to provide continuity between open space areas, parklands and biological resources. ISSUE ANALYSIS:There is a need to protect areas with important biological resources, both within the City and-within-the-Citv=s the sphere of influence. 3.PARKS AND RECREATION The City has a variety of recreational facilities presently available for local residents, iffeloding4eGal- _ - While there are aboRdaRt numerous facilities in the area, some local parks are small or isolated. There are few additional parks planned for the future, ac yet. As the City grows, there will be additional prcczurea demands placed on •• existing facilities, t:t and-bielogieal-resoufees, ISSUE ANALYSIS: There is a need to actively plan for adequate parks and recreational facilities and sites to serve the growing needs of local residents CITY OF DIAMOND BAR PLAN FOR RESOURCE MANAGEMENT Revised 2-27-92 Parks and Rec. Commission and 4-9-92 by GPAC through the utilization of existing facilities within City boundaries and throughout the area, additional recreation parklands are necessary to meet the community needs. 4.WATER Water has become and will likely remain a scarce, or at least an expensive, natural resource. The City already makes use of reclaimed water, and this source will probably be depended on more in the future to "free up" potable water for additional domestic use. The level of additional population growth in the City will be modest, but water may continue to be a limiting factor in long- range planning. ISSUE ANALYSIS: The City should work with local water agencies purveyors and the community to encourage water conservation and additional muse of reclaimed water. 5.ENERGY While water is the current resource shortage, there have also been short-term energy (fossil fuel) shortages. In these times of increasing population, consumption, and environmental awareness, the efficient use of energy will continue to be an important aspect of responsible community life. In-afidition, There a many educational, governmental, and private institutions nearby that are on the cutting edge of energy technology. enecgy-4eelthelegiesv The City should avail itself of environmentally safe methods of resource conservation. ISSUE ANALYSIS: The City should work with local utility companies, schools, etc. to encourage energy conservation and innovation in energy systems. 6.SOLID WASTE While the disposal of solid waste is a regional - problem of regional concern, recent legislation has several immediate and specific implications for Diamond Bar. Cities are now required to reduce their production of solid waste and implement recycling programs, as well as arrange for the disposal of hazardous household materials. ISSUE ANALYSIS: Pei:Rev:A- The City of Diamond Bar has pined the East San Gabriel Valley Integrated Waste Management Joint Powers Authority to assist in the preparation of the Source Reduction and R8CVCIII7C1 Element (SRRE) and Household Hazardous Waste Element (HHWE). These purpose of these elements are to outline the City's integrated waste management strategy and identify DrOarams that will assist CITY OF DIAMOND BAR PLAN FOR RESOURCE MANAGEMENT Revised 2-27-92 Parks and Rec. Commission and 4-9-92 by GPAC the City in minimizinp the environmental impacts of landfill disposal of solid wastes. 7.AGRICULTURE Although Diamond Bar began as an agricultural community, it has become a residential suburban community. Cattle grazing is the only agricultural activity that remains as a reminder of this heritage. The lands that presently support grazing are already planned for various types of development. ISSUE ANALYSIS: Thcrc is no nccd for The City 4e should develop specific policies dealing with ' , ' the eventual conversion of agricultural land to evethtual-een-vefaie4 ii; of suburban land uses, 8.MINERAL RESOURCES There are no significant, concentrated mineral resources in Diamond Bar. ISSUE ANALYSIS:City currant/v doos not There is no identified issue. D.GOALS, OBJECTIVES, AND IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGIES "IT IS THE OVERALL GOAL OF THE PLAN FOR RESOURCE MANAGEMENT TO PROVIDE AND MAINTAIN ADEQUATE OPEN SPACES IN THE CITY TO SERVE THE DIVERSE RECREATIONAL NEEDS OF ITS RESIDENTS, WHILE FOSTERING THE WISE USE OF LIMITED NATURAL RESOURCES." GOAL 1 "Create and maintain an open space system which will preserve scenic beauty, protect important biological resources, provide open space for outdoor recreation and the enjoyment of nature, conserves natural resources, and protect public health and safety." Objective 1.1 Preserve significant visual features which are within, or are visible from the City of Diamond Bar, with an emphasis on the preservation of remaining natural hillside areas. ' Modified slightly from wording approved by GPAC but with no change in meaning. CITY OF DIAMOND BAR PLAN FOR RESOURCE MANAGEMENT Revised 2-27-92 Parks and Rec. Commission and 4-9-92 by GPAC Strategies: 1.1.1 Develop consistent regulations for the protection of ridgelines, slope areas, and hilltops within the State Route 57 Scenic Highway corridor. * a. Require contour or landform grading, clustering of development, or other means to minimize visual impacts to ridgelines or prominent slopes. Revised by GPAC April 9, 1992 This applies, but is not necessarily limited to the Tres Hermanos property; the Bramalea property (Upper Sycamore Canyon); '-i- Fraridetene—GactyeRi and the south end of "The Country" development. Such requirements should also be made part of any development plans for Tonner Canyon (sphere of influence). *Revised by GPAC April 9, 1992 D.Sands/one Canyon shall be preserved in its present naturalgaig, 1.1.2 Require that all excess excavated and waste materials be properly removed and disposed of, or otherwise placed so as to become an integral part of the site development. 1.1.3 Require that dwelling units and structures within hillside areas be sited in such a manner as to utilize ridgelines and landscape plant materials as a backdrop for the structures and the structures themselves to provide maximum concealment of cut slopes. a. ifefR-the-1,7-Ffeeway, 1.1.4 Retain existing vegetation (primarily shrubs and trees) within hillside development areas in any part of the total development which is not designated for grading or construction,-ref-uniese-it-fili:tat Veaetation may be removed as part of an approved fuel modification program. a. &etiotPt2-7 1.1.5 Require that existing vegetation which cannot be preserved in place, but is suitable for transplanting, be relocated eisewher-e- OR4he-siteTen-site-ef-effsite if feasible. Modified slightly from wording approved by GPAC but with no change in meaning. CITY OF DIAMOND BAR PLAN FOR RESOURCE MANAGEMENT Revised 2-27-92 Parks and Rec. Commission and 4-9-92 by GPAC II.1© 1.1.6 Require that dwelling units and, structures and landscaping be sited in a manner which: •Protects views ffein for existing development •Retains opportunities for views from dwellings •Preserves or enhances vistas, particularly those seen from public places •Preserves mature trees, natural hydrology, native plant materials, and areas of visual interest. 1.1.7 Utilize grading permit procedures to ensure that site designs for development proposals for hillside areas conform to the natural terrain, and consider the visual aspects from treth-viithin-antl-w+th' out the project area. 1.1.8 Work with the appropriate jurisdictions to protect prominent ridges, slopes, and hilltops adjacent to, bet—eotside—e#, the City-,--it and its sphere of .. influence .-such as the hills in the City •• of Industry, west of the 57 Freeway at Grand Avenue, the hills within the County of Los Angeles (Rowland Heights), west of the 57 Freeway, south of Brea Canyon Cutoff, the portion of Tonner Canyon within the Chino Hills Specific Plan, and the portion of Tonner Canyon within the City of Brea (Orange County). 1.1.9 CITY OF DIAMOND BAR PLAN FOR RESOURCE MANAGEMENT Revised 2-27-92 Parks and Rec. Commission and 4-9-92 by GPAC Revised by GPACReplacement of fre0 drinking water for wildlife shall be PM'S*, and mein- April 9, 1992iejned when natural water areas are removed or blocked. 1.1.10 Enact and maintain provisions in the grading and subdivision ordinances to require special precautions that minimize soil errodability by incorporating provisions relating to surface drainage and restoration of the natural drainage surface, the attenuation of slope instability, reductions in the amount of impermeable surface, and techniques that enhance groundwater recharge and local water recovery. a. A program of groundwater recharge might be especially useful within the Tres Hermanos area, which represents the "headwaters" of the Tonner Canyon drainage. Objective 1.2 Where ecologically feasible mMaintain, protect, and preserve biologically significant habitats, including riparian areas, oak and walnut woodlands, and other areas of natural significance, providing only such recreational and cultural opportunities as can be developed in a manner sensitive to the environment. Strategies: 1.2.1 Ensure that all development, including roads, proposed adjacent to riparian and other biologically sensitive habitats avoid significant impacts to such areas. Require that new development proposed in such locations be designed to: Revised by GPAC 4-9-92 •Minimize or eliminate into the imoacts on environmentally sensitive areas; •Create buffer areas adjacent to the sensitive area, incorporating the most passive uses of the adjacent property; •Protect the visual seclusion of forage areas from road intrusion by providing vegetative buffering; •Provide wildlife movement linkages to water setifeest , food and nesting; •Provide vegetation that can be used by wildlife for cover along roadsides; and •Design lighting systems so as to avoid intrusion of night lighting into the sensitive area. •Wildlife corridors and migration oaths shell not be blocked by fences or other obstnActibaSi. •Modified slightly from wording approved by GPAC but with no change in meaning. CITY OF DIAMOND BAR PLAN FOR RESOURCE MANAGEMENT Revised 2-27-92 Parks and Rec. Commission and 4-9-92 by GPAC 1.2.2Preserve existing mature trees and vegetationT ; within existing natural and naturalized areas. ZNatural vegetation te is be removed only as is necessary to locate approved development and the construction of needed infrastructure. laenle citcs. and construct 3CCCSS roads. b. Prepare a tree preservation ordinance that requires developers and residents to protect, maintain, or otherwise preserve healthy mature oak, walnut, pepper and sycamore trees. The ordinance should emphasize preservation of these species in place whenever feasible, and should also provide a replacement mechanism for trees when their removal is necessary. • a-ration-of-447 drc. Where the removal of existing trees is unavoidable, and relocation of existing trees impractical, ensure that appropriate mitigation is provided. d. When trees of 6" or greater in diameter are removed, that for each tree of said size that is removed, replacement shall be planted on a ratio of 4 replacement trees to every removed tree. 1.2.3 In conjunction with local schools and volunteers, the City will coordinate an 60FRRItiffity-tfee-planting-pFegram environment education program, for the use of ooen space lands. * 1.2.4 Reauire builders and developers to: a.Prune, treat, and maintain existing trees. b.Plant necessary vegetation within future rights-of-way, public lands, common areas. Modified slightly from wording approved by GPAC but with no change in meaning. CITY OF DIAMOND BAR PLAN FOR RESOURCE MANAGEMENT Revised 2-27-92 Parks and Rec. Commission and 4-9-92 by GPAC 11=i3 : -.- a. c.Develop projects in such a fashion that when the trees become City, association, or private property, they will be free of damage, pests, diseases, and dead branches. d.Incorporate, where feasible, the input of a certified arborist, landscape architect, and/or qualified horticulturist into the review and approval of landscape proposals through a desian review process. Objective 1.3 Construct and maintain a system of public and private park and recreation facilities which meets the active and passive recreational needs of Diamond Bar residents of all ages. Strategies: 1.3.1 1.3.1 Develop Recreation facilities emohasizina active and passive recreation areas. : Rattire-epen-spaee-.- The development of a community center, in conjunction with the acquisition of traditional neiahborhood parkland including community athletic fields should be pursued. empliasizefIT •Promote enlargement of existing active rcercNation arcs. •Improve and enhance existing recreation areas. •Pursue joint facilities, public/private development of recreation Ienel4e-the-fasilityr •Develop and maintain a comprehensive inventory of recreation facilities and update the facilities eefiedieelly to ensure that the City's needs are being met. •Actively Pursue land acquisition for parks. Pursue preservation of various hillside areas and other scenic resources which are important to the City's image. CITY OF DIAMOND BAR PLAN FOR RESOURCE MANAGEMENT Revised 2-27-92 Parks and Rec. Commission and 4-9-92 by GPAC 11.14 •Initiate a program of identifying additional- environmentally significant environmental areas in the City and the sphere of influence and analyze the possibility of protecting any unique or significant environmental features of such areas. •Pursue protection of environmentally sianificant areas such as, but not limited to: Sandstone Canyon, portions of Upper Sycamore Canyon, of:id the canyons along Brea Canyon Cutoff, and Tonner Canyon . * •Pursue development of an integrated trails system through the community. trail7-* - SelIabarticA-Eeteeetrian—T-Fail4= 1.3.2 Unless there is an overriding public recreation need, require that open space areas, other than those described above which are set aside as part of a development project be maintained privately. Require that open space easements be granted over portions of development sites which are set aside for open space. 1.3.3 Prepare and maintain an inventory of open lands which were set aside for open space uses as part of previous development approvals through the County, and designate such lands as non-developable open space. In preparing this inventory, deem that lands set aside in previous development projects which were not clearly reserved for future development, were to be preserved as natural open space (see also the Land Use section of the Plan for Community Development for more open space planning guidelines). 1 .3.4 Prior to accepting development proposals, applicants will submit appropriate documentation to verify any potential open space restrictions previously approved on the subject property. ** 1.3.5 ••sm.1%.7.1"-J=1,1C-17111- - •Modified slightly from wording approved by GPAC but with no change in meaning. ^Added from goals and objectives approved by GPAC. CITY OF DIAMOND BAR PLAN FOR RESOURCE MANAGEMENT Revised 2-27-92 Parks and Rec. Commission and 4-9-92 by GPAC if-th9_43AMMEB1.214/11VIr the -Site for--othgliv—and—eivireck—iR eoffiunetion-witheihat-m2igmthg:gties-visual kkftlitIft GPAC recommendation 'I .3.5 Reg& r ational Open Space then be Promieclioie_c_reationalsmeLipi April 9, 1992luding. but not limited to. the piamond Bar Golf Course. 1.3.6 Plan for the development of a system of greenbelts within the community. 1.3.7 Provide sufficient neighborhoods and community park facilities such that a rate of 5.0 acres of parkland per 1,000 residents is achieved and distributed so as to be convenient to Diamond Bar residents. 1.3.8 Develop a Needs Analysis to determine the present and future recreation and park needs. 1.3.9 PrePare a comprehensive Master Plan of Parks which analysis recreation and park needs presently and in the future. •Development of design standards for park size, location, relationship and impact to adjacent properties and community facilities. •Provide list of existing park sites to be improved or expanded. •Target locations for park acquisition and type of park reaui red. •List timing and phasing of acquisition and improvements of parkland. •Provide costs of acquisition and improvements, including funding sources and implementation priorities. CITY OF DIAMOND BAR PLAN FOR RESOURCE MANAGEMENT Revised 2-27-92 Parks and Rec. Commission and 4-9-92 by GPAC GOAL 2 "Identify limits on the resources needed to support existing and future uses within the City of Diamond Bar and its sphere of influence, and ensure that those resources are used wisely and not abused." Objective 2.1 Minimize the consumption of water through a combination of water conservation and use of reclaimed water. Strategies: 2.1.1 Coordinate with the local water agencies to encourage and expand the use of reclaimed wastewater, stored rainwater, or household gray water for irrigation. * a.In cooperation with adjacent communities and area water purveyors, develop a plan to initiate the use of reclaimed water; require new development and intensification of existing development to include dual water systems in appropriate locations. * b.Work with the local schools and establish a public education program providing information to City residents regarding the potential and advantages for reuse of water. * c.Where feasible, direct storm waters collected in streets and drainage systems to settling basins or small lakes within parks or open space areas, as long as it benefits and does not adversely disrupt local plants or wildlife. * 2.1.2 Encourage the installation of contemporary and feasible water conservation technologies into new developments, or retrofitted into existing developments, where intensification is proposed. Such measures may include but are not limited to: * •Pressure reducing valves that would reduce supply line pressures in excess of 50 psi to 50 psi or less. •Flush valve operated water closets which are limited to three gallons per flush. •Drinking fountains equipped with self-closing valves. •The insulation of all hot water lines for the purpose of providing hot water faster with less water waste, and keeping hot water pipes from heating cold water pipes. •Thermostatically controlled mixing valves for baths and showers, and water conserving models of washers and dishwashers. •Low flow faucets and shower heads. •Modified slightly from wording approved by GPAC but with no change in meaning. CITY OF DIAMOND BAR PLAN FOR RESOURCE MANAGEMENT Revised 2-27-92 Parks and Rec. Commission and 4-9-92 by GPAC 1107 2.1.3 Encourage the use of primarily drought-tolerant plants and efficient design in landscape application, even if reclaimed water is being used at present for irrigation purposes. a.As part of the City development review of landscaping plans, discourage installation of large areas of lawn or turf, or limit installations to areas that depend on their u.se reauire the use of playingwhere feasible. b.Replace and maintain City medians with drought tolerant plants and ground cover. 19, c. Where domestic water supplies are used in the irrigation of turf areas, encourage the use of. . &ease-A-tuff drought tolerant vegetation. err d. To the extent possible, require the preservation of existing native trees and shrubs, as established plants are often adapted to low water consumption. •e. Require residential builders to provide information to prospective buyers of new homes within the City of Diamond Bar regarding drought-tolerant planting concepts. f. Require non-residential builders to provide information to prospective buyers or tenants within the City of Diamond Bar regarding drought- tolerant planting concepts. •Where possible, require the extensive use of mulch in landscape areas to improve the water-holding capacity of the soil by reducing evaporation and soil compaction. 2.1.4 Require irrigation efficiency within the City. Dflp-iffigetienr-seil-FReistioe irrigation efficiency Uograde irrigation systems to the most efficient system available. * per-Geot-ef-the-buildiag--afea)1-2-1 2.1.5 Be prepared for rationing or supplies of water being limited in case of extended drought. ** •Modified slightly from wording approved by GPAC but with no change in meaning. ^Added from goals and objectives approved by GPAC. CITY OF DIAMOND BAR PLAN FOR RESOURCE MANAGEMENT Revised 2-27-92 Parks and Rec. Commission and 4-9-92 by GPAC a. Prepare a Water Management Ordinance that can be implemented should water supplies become severely limited. Potential actions could include restrictions against watering of sidewalks, excessive runoff from irrigation, yard watering on alternate days, etc. Revised by GPAC2.1.6 Develop and implement a "Household Hazardous Waste 4-9-92Element" according to the guidelines of AB 2707, and incorporate it into the Plan for Resource Management of the General Plan. Review existing landscaping standards and encourage modification of certain land-use practices through xeriscaping and other drought- tolerant plants for new developments. Objective 2.2 Encourage efficient use of energy by minimizing the consumption of energy resources to the minimal amount needed to support existing and planned land uses, through a combination of efficient land use patterns and passive and active energy conservation systems. Strategies: 2.2.1 As a general principle, replace total dependence on nonrenewable, imported energy resources with a greater reliance on locally available renewable resources to a degree which is feasible and in accord with the capabilities- ofthccc rccourccs current technology. 2.2.2 In conjunction with review of development applications, require the incorporation, where feasible, 0 the following: •Provide for clusters of buildings with protected indoor or plaza/open areas within multiple family residential, commercial, and office projects to promote protection from the wind and sun pfeteet-ieff. •Construct internal roadways at 0 the minimum widths necessary for safe circulation in order to minimize solar reflection and heat radiation from impervious material. •Where possible, locate reflective surfaces (i.e. parking lots) on the north and east side of buildings; alternatively, where parking areas must be located to the south or west of buildings, provide additional landscaping to reduce heat gain. •Orient the maximum amount of glass possible toward the south, the side with the greatest amount of solar collection (heat gain potential), in combination with other measures for shading to mitigate against summer heat. •Use appropriate building shapes and locations in order to promote maximum feasible solar access of individual units. Added from goals and objectives approved by GPAC. CITY OF DIAMOND BAR PLAN FOR RESOURCE MANAGEMENT Revised 2-27-92 Parks and Rec. Commission and 4-9-92 by GPAC § •Design individual buildings to maximize natural internal lighting through interior court wells, interior court areas, skylights, clerestory windows, and enerav efficient building shapes. •Use canopies and overhangs to provide shade to windows during summer months, while allowing for reflection of direct sunlight through the windows during winter months (care should be taken to assure that overhangs and canopies do not prevent sufficient light for daytime purposes). •Incorporate the use of deciduous trees in landscaping plans, especially near buildings and around expanses of paved areas. •Incorporate deciduous vines, trellises, and canopies to shade south and westward facing walls, to cool them in summer months. •Locate trees and hedges planted close to buildings so as to channel beneficial cooling breezes through openings. 2.2.3 Ensure that sufficient shading of parking surfaces is provided within multifamily, commercial, and office projects to reduce heat gain. 2.2.4 Investigate the feasibility of adopting an Energy Ordinance that will incorporate retrofit provisions for the installation of energy conservation measures on existing structures, solar pool and hot tub provisions that will prohibit natural gas heaters as the primary energy source. 2.2.5 Implement, through the subdivision ordinance or through other appropriate mechanisms, the Solar Rights Act of 1978 which addresses structural orientation for solar access, and includes such concepts as solar easements, functional landscaping, street layout, and architectural designs that reduce energy costs. 2.2.6 Maintain in the Development Code provisions to require solar energy systems for the heating of swimming pools in all new multi-family residential developments. 2.2.7 Take full advantage of the CEQA process as a tool for evaluating energy use and potential energy impacts, and for implementing appropriate energy conservation measures. 2.2.8 Require the inclusion, where feasible, of provisions for energy efficient modes of transportation and fixed facilities which establish public mass transit, bicycle, equestrian, and pedestrian modes as desirable alternatives. CITY OF DIAMOND BAR PLAN FOR RESOURCE MANAGEMENT Revised 2-27-92 Parks and Rec. Commission and 4-9-92 by GPAC 1140 2.2.9 Work with appropriate federal, State, and private utility agencies to identify and facilitate appropriate legislation for utility rate revisions that would provide incentives for the conservation of energy by the shifting of energy usage to non-peak hours. 2.2.10 Increase public awareness of energy conservation technology and practices by the dissemination of information that describes energy conservation practices for community members. This will encourage ongoing communication and the generation of ideas, plans, and programs for the future development of Diamond Bar as an energy efficient city. Objective 2.3 Reduce overall local energy *Ise consumption by promoting efficient land use patterns, which reducing reduce the amount of vehicular travel,. , or othcr Strategies: 2.3.1 Land uses in the City will be planned to minimize vehicular trips between compatible and related uses, such as home- shopping, home-office, home- school, etc. (see also the Land Use section of the Plan for Community Development). a.This will apply to mixed-use Planned Developments in particular when planning and organizing reviewing new land uses. 2.3.2 Design and implement a citywide system of bikeways and pedestrian trails as non-polluting circulation alternatives (as outlined in the Circulation section of the Plan for Public Services and Facilities). * Objective 2.4 The City will cooperate with and encourage local educational, governmental, and private organizations in the *eating development and use of new energy technologies that are deemed environmentally safe. ** Strategies: 2.4.1 Maintain open communication with other local, regional, state or federal agencies regarding the evaluation of current energy problems and state-of- the-art technologies and practices. 2.4.2 Emphasize fuel efficiency and the use of alternative fuels in the acquisition and use of City-owned vehicles and fleet vehicles of City franchisees; support programs which would serve to enhance or encourage the use of nen-nletecieed-and public transit systems. Modified slightly from wording approved by GPAC but with no change in meaning. Added from goals and objectives approved by GPAC. CITY OF DIAMOND BAR PLAN FOR RESOURCE MANAGEMENT Revised 2-27-92 Parks and Rec. Commission and 4-9-92 by GPAC a. The City should cooperate with the South Coast Air Quality Management Agency in the development and local testing of new alternative fuels or other energy programs. 2.4.3 Participate with local organizations on research and/or the development of alternate energy sources, including cogeneration, photovoltaic, biomass, waste to energy, wind, etc. ** 2.4.4 Investigate the potential for adding provisions in the Development Code to require industrial and/or commercial projects to be sited to facilitate photovoltaic and/or cogeneration units. * Objective 2.5 Minimize the environmental impacts of landfill disposal of solid wastes through an aggressive public education and information campaign designed to promote a comprehensive program of source reduction, recyclirig, composting, and household hazardous waste reduction activities. Strategies: 2.5.1 the—seheel—distr-iets7 Develop and implement a Source Reduction and Recycling Element according to the guidelines established by Assembly Bill 939 and the California Integrated Waste Management Board. Incorporate this element into the Plan for Resource Management of the General Plan. 2.5.2 businc=cs can talcc to ascist. Develop and implement a Household Hazardous Waste Element according to the guidelines of AB 2707 and the California Integrated Waste Management Board. Incorporate this element into the Plan for Resource Management of the General Plan. 2.5.3 compaction. Reduce wasteful packaging and products sold in the City through educational and technical assistance which emphasizes the reduction of non-recyclable products, replacement of disposable materials with reusable materials, and the purchase of repairable products. 2.5.4 ** Implement a mandatory Citywide recycling program including residential curbside collection and voluntary on-site programs serving multi-family, commercial and industrial generators. CITY OF DIAMOND BAR PLAN FOR RESOURCE MANAGEMENT Revised 2-27-92 Parks and Rec. Commission and 4-9-92 by GPAC 2.5.5 Educate residential, commercial and industrial generators about source reduction and recycling programs and encourage their participation by developing a multilingual Promotional campaign which informs them about diversion programs, identifies opportunities for participation in such programs, and provides motivational incentives to increase Participation. 2.5.6 Reauire all commercial and industrial generators to develop and implement a source reduction and recycling plan tailored to their individual waste streams. Revised 4-9-92 2.5.7 Develop-and---irnpiamt-mt--a---L-1-letiseheld—Kazafdetis--W-aste--E-lement-7- oceefding lo-t-he--guidelines- o-A8.-2-70-77-and4neefperote Rc.sour-se-Managernent -of the--Gener-al--Pian,-L--Review-existin Relocated to 2.1.6 land%g_Vill : stendard-encpufagg7-fmm414igAti4In--lend-uig pFastiggs:71tifet-xerisc_y_ipjng- and-other--dretteht-toklant-igants-fe-F-new developments-, 2.5.8 Reduce the amount of yard wastes generated by public and private residences through ongoing promotion of "grasscycling" and on-site composting of leaves and other organic materials. 2.5.9 Designate city held open space and public facilities as "green zones" and conduct an aggressive pursuit of existing and potential City uses for compost produced from locally generated vardwaste such as park and medium sites. 2.5.10 Increase public understanding of methods to reuse materials in their everyday lives. Incorporate educational materials on the environmental damage of disposable Products and materials. 2.5.11 Reduce the disposal of HHW in landfills through continued cooperation with the County Sanitation Districts and the Los Angeles County Department of Public Works on implementation of a Countywide HHW management program. Added from goals and objectives approved by GPAC. CITY OF DIAMOND BAR PLAN FOR RESOURCE MANAGEMENT Revised 2-27-92 Parks and Rec. Commission and 4-9-92 by GPAC CHAPTER III: The Required Elements of the General Plan CONSERVATION ELEMENT CONSERVATION ELEMENT PERTINENT CALIFORNIA CODE SECTIONS Government Code Section 65302(d): \[The general plan shall include\] a conservation element for the conservation, development, and utilization of natural resources including water and its hydraulic force, forests, soils, rivers and other waters, harbors, fisheries, wildlife, minerals, and other natural resources. That portion of the conservation element including waters shall be developed in coordination with any countywide water agency and with all district and city agencies which have developed, served, controlled or conserved water for any purpose for the county or city for which the plan is prepared. The conservation element may also cover: (1) The reclamation of land and waters. (2) Prevention and control of the pollution of streams and other waters. (3) Regulation of the use of land in stream channels and other areas required for the accomplishment of the conservation plan. (4) Prevention, control, and correction of the erosion of soils, beaches, and shores. (5) Protection of watersheds. (6) The location, quantity and quality of the rock, sand and gravel resources. (7) Flood control. The conservation element shall be prepared and adopted no later than December 31, 1973. Contents Mineral Resources Public Resources Code Section 2762: (a) Within 12 months of receiving the mineral information described in \[Public Resources Code\] Section 2761, and also within 12 months of the designation of an area of statewide or regional significance within its jurisdiction, every lead agency shall, in accordance with state policy, establish mineral resource management policies to be incorporated in its general plan which will: (1) Recognize mineral information classified by the State Geologist and transmitted by the \[State Mining and Geology\] board. (2) Assist in the management of land use which affect areas of statewide and regional significance. (3) Emphasize the conservation and development of identified mineral deposits. (b) Every lead agency shall submit proposed mineral resource management policies to the board for review and comment prior to adoption. (c) Any subsequent amendment of the mineral resource management policy previously reviewed by the board shall also require review and comment by the board. . . . MineralPublic Resources Code Section 2763: (a) If the area is designated by the board as an area Protection of regional significance, and the lead agency either has designated that area in its general plan as having important minerals to be protected pursuant to subdivision (a) of Section 2762, or otherwise has not yet acted pursuant to subdivision (a) of Section 2762, then prior to permitting a use which would threaten the potential to extract minerals in that area, the lead agency shall prepare a statement specifying its reasons for permitting the proposed use, in accordance with the requirements set forth in subdivision (d) of Section 2762. Lead agency land use decisions involving areas designated as being of regional significance shall be in 116GENERAL PLAN GUIDELINES CHAPTER III: The Required Elements of the General Plan CONSERVATION ELEMENT accordance with the lead agency's mineral resource management policies and shall also, in balancing mineral values against alternative land uses, consider the importance of these minerals to their market region as a whole and not just their importance to the lead agency's area of jurisdiction. (b) If the area is designated by the board as an area of statewide significance, and the lead agency either has designated that area in its general plan as having important minerals to be protected pursuant to subdivision (a) of Section 2762, or otherwise has not yet acted pursuant to subdivision (a) of Section 2762, then prior to permitting a use which would threaten the potential to extract minerals in that area, the lead agency shall prepare a statement specifying its reasons for permitting the proposed use, in accordance with the requirements set forth in subdivision (d) of Section 2762. Lead agency land use decisions involving areas designated as being of statewide significance shall be in accordance with the lead agency's mineral resource management policies and shall also, in balancing mineral values against alternative land uses, consider the importance of the mineral resources to the state and nation as a whole. Public Resources Code Section 2764: (a) Upon the request of an operator or other interested person and payment by the requesting person of the estimated cost of processing the request, the lead agency having jurisdiction shall amend its general plan, or prepare a new specific plan or amend any applicable specific plan, that shall, with respect to the continuation of the existing surface mining operation for which the request is made, plan for future land uses in the vicinity of, and access routes serving, the surface mining operation in light of the importance of the minerals to their market region as a whole, and not just their importance to the lead agency's area of jurisdiction. (b) In adopting amendments to the general plan, or adopting or amending a specific plan, the lead agency shall make written legislative findings as to whether the future land uses and particular access routes will be compatible or incompatible with the continuation of the surface mining operation, and if they are found to be incompatible, the findings shall include a statement of the reasons why they are to be provided for, notwithstanding the importance of the minerals to their market region as a whole or their previous designation by the board, as the case may be. (c) Any evaluation of a mineral deposit prepared by a lead agency for the purpose of carrying out this section shall be transmitted to the State Geologist and the \[State Mining and Geology\] board. (d) The procedure provided for in this section shall not be undertaken in any area that has been designated pursuant to Article 6 (commencing with Section 2790) if mineral resource management policies have been established and incorporated in the lead agency's general plan in conformance with Article 4 (commencing with Section 2755). Government Code Section 65303: The general plan may. . . address any other subjects which, in the judgment of the legislative body, relate to the physical development of the county or city. BACKGROUND The conservation element overlaps provisions found in the open-space, land use, safety and circulation elements. It differs, however, from other portions of the general plan in that it is almost exclusively oriented toward natural resources. The conservation element emphasizes Mineral Specific Plan GENERAL PLAN GUIDELINES117 CHAPTER III: The Required Elements of the General Plan CONSERVATION ELEMENT the conservation, development and utilization of specified resources and also provides a list of issues which local governments may address at their option. Cities and counties have been required to have conservation elements in their general plans since December 31, 1973. Conservation element issues are perhaps even more timely today than in the early 1970s. Finite resources continue to dwindle as do those which are renewable (in the absence of proper management). At the same time California's population continues to increase and, consequently, so does resource demand. It is a therefore vital and mandatory that local governments address resource concerns in their conservation elements. COURT INTERPRETATIONS In Kings County Farm Bureau v. City of Hanford(1990) 221 Cal.App.3d 692 (as modified 222 Cal.App.3d 516a) the California Court of Appeal affirmed that a general plan may consist of several documents. Nevertheless, the information in associated documents, when not referenced by the general plan, may not compensate for deficiencies in the conservation element. VANT ISSUES To the extent applicable, the fo owin i stfemust be addressed by a city's or county's conservation element with regar to the conservation, development, and utilization of natural resources: Mandato?), Issues • Water and its hydraulic force •Forests •Soils •Rivers and other waters •Harbors •Fisheries •Wildlife •Minerals •Other natural resources •Water program developed in coordination with other water agencies •Mineral issues alluded to under Public Resources Code Sections 2762, 2763, and 2764. The conservation element may also cover the following optional issues: Other Issues• The reclamation of land and waters •The prevention and control of the pollution of streams and other waters •Regulation of the use of land in stream channels and other areas required for the accomplishment of the conservation plan •Prevention, control, and correction of the erosion of soils, beaches, and shores •Protection of watersheds •The location, quantity and quality of rock, sand and gravel resources •Flood control 118GENERAL PLAN GUIDELINES CHAPTER III: The Required Elements of the General Plan CONSERVATION ELEMENT IDEAS FOR DATA AND ANALYSIS To prepare a conservation element, a city or county will need to appraise its natural resources. Here are some ideas for the data collection and analysis necessary for the development of natural resource policies. Water, Water Bodies and Related Matters •Mapping of water resources, including rivers, lakes, streams, bays, estuaries, reservoirs, ground water basins (aquifers), and watersheds (Map) (LU, OS) •Mapping of the boundaries ofwatersheds, aquifer recharge areas, and ground water basins (including depths) (Map) LU, OS) •Mapping ofthe boundaries and description of unique water resources (e.g., salt water and fresh water marshes and wild rivers) (Map) (LU, OS) •Assessment of the current and future quality of various bodies of water, water courses, and ground water (LU, OS) •Inventory of existing and future water supply sources for domestic, commercial, industrial, and agricultural uses (LU, OS) •Analysis of the effects of climate on bodies of water (e.g., seasonal factors in water availability) (LU, OS) •Assessment of existing and projected demands upon water supply sources (LU, OS) •Assessment of the adequacy of existing and future water supply sources (LU, OS) •Mapping of riparian vegetation (Map) (LU, OS) •Assessment of the use of water bodies for recreation purposes (LU, OS) •Identification of existing and/or potential hydroelectric power generating sites (LU, OS) Forests •Inventory of forest resources (Map) (LU, OS) Description of the type, location, amount, and ownership of forests with a value for commercial timber production, wildlife protection, recreation, watershed protection, aesthetics, and other purposes Description of the types, location, amount, and lot sizes of land and timber resources subject to Timberland Production Zoning (see Chapter V) Identification of areas of five acres or more containing oak woodlands made up of Blue, Engelman, Valley or Coast Live oak species (map) Soils •Inventory of soil resources (Map) (LU, OS) - Classification of soils (including identification of prime agricultural land) in the planning area by the Stork Index or the U.S. . Soil Conservation Service's Land Capability Classification system (See "Definitions: Natural Resources" in this chapter) - Identification of areas subject to soil erosion Harbors •Assessment of the adequacy of port, harbor, and water-related transportation facilities and the need for expansion and improvements (LU, CI) - Historical data on the use of facilities - Projection of future demand based on new or expanded economic activities and recreational trends - Review harbor and port district plans for improvements GENERAL PLAN GUIDELINES119 CHAPTER III: The Required Elements of the General Plan CONSERVATION ELEMENT Fisheries •Identification of water bodies and watersheds that must be protected to promote continued recreational and commercial fishing -- including key fish spawning areas 'Wildlife •Inventory of natural vegetation, fish and wildlife and their habitats, including rare and endangered species (Map) (OS, LU) Inventory plants, natural communities and special animals using the California Department of Fish and Game's "Natural Diversity Data Base." The data base covers all areas of the state and produces overlay printouts for use with U.S.G.S. quadrangle maps. Contact the Non-Game Heritage Program of the California Department of Fish and Game Predict the types of animals that might be found in a particular habitat, the time ofyear they might be found there, and their activities (e.g., breeding) using information from the "Wildlife Habitat Relationships Program." Contact the Wildlife Management Division of the California Department of Fish and Game. Minerals Induding Rock, Sand and Gravel Resources •Inventory of mineral resources. (Map) (LU, OS) - Identification of the type, location, extent, and quality of mineral resources, as well as oil, gas, and geothermal resources -Location of mineral resource areas classified or designated by the State Mining and Geology Board under the Surface Mining and Reclamation Act (Map) (LU, OS) -Identification of existing mining areas and oil, gas and geothermal wells (and associated developments) (Map) (LU, OS) Water Programs Coordinated with Other Water Agencies •Identify any countywide water agency and all district and city agencies which have developed, served, controlled or conserved water for any purpose. •Obtain pertinent water program information from those agencies. •Determine how the local water program can be coordinated with these agencies' programs. Reclamation of Land •Inventory of lands adversely affected by mining, prolonged irrigation, landfill activities, the storage or disposal of hazardous materials, erosion, etc., for which reclamation may be feasible (Map) (LU, OS) Pollution of Water Bodies •Examination of the existing water quality in aquifers, streams, and other bodies of water •Identification of existing and potential water pollution sources - Inventory of hazardous materials dumps, ponds and storage sites (using information plans developed pursuant to Health and Safety Code Sections 25500 et seq.) -Identification of proposed, existing, and abandoned landfill sites (map) - Examination of the results of groundwater tests conducted in the vicinities of landfills and hazardous materials dumps, ponds, tanks, and storage areas - Examination of regulations regarding the use, storage and disposal of hazardous materials -Inventory of existing and proposed land uses that could contribute to the pollution of streams and other waters Continued on page 123 120GENERAL PLAN GUIDELINES CHAPTER III: The Required Elements of the General Plan CONSERVATION ELEMENT Useful Definitions And Information Conservation: The management of natural resources to prevent waste, destruction, or neglect. Erosion: The process bywhich soil and rock are detached and moved by running water, wind, ice, and gravity. Habitat: The natural environment of a plant or animal. Important Farmland Series Maps: Maps drafted by the U.S. Department of Agriculture Soil Conservation Service and modified by the California Department of Conservation to show farmland and urban areas in California. These maps are based on modern soil surveys published by the Soil Conservation Service, and initially cover all or part of40 counties within California. They are for information only and do not constitute a state prescription for local land use. The maps use eight classifications: "Prime Farmland," "Farmland of Statewide Importance," "Unique Farmland," "Farmland of Local Importance," "Grazing Land," "Urban and Built-up Land," "Other Land," and "Land Committed to Non-agricultural Use." The Department of Conservation has detailed definitions of these classifications. Generally they are defined as follows: Prime Farmland: Land with the best combination of physical and chemical characteristics for the production of agricultural crops. Farmland of Statewide Importance: Land, other than "Prime Farmland," with a good combination of physical and chemical characteristics for the production of agricultural crops. Unique Farmland: Land which does not meet the criteria for "Prime Farmland" or "Farmland of Statewide Importance" that is currently used for the production of high economic value crops such as oranges, olives, avocados, rice, grapes and cut flowers. The California Department of Conservation maintains a current list of Unique Farmland crops. Farmland of Local Importance: Land, other than the above defined farmland types, of importance to the local agricultural economy, as determined by each county's board of supervisors. Grazing Land: Land on which the existing vegetation is suited to the grazing or browsing of livestock. Urban and Built-Up Land: Land containing urban-type development including supporting infrastructure. The minimum residential density is one structure per 1.5 acres. Land Committed to Nonagricultural Use: Land that is permanently committed by local elected officials to nonagricultural development by virtue ofdecisions which cannot be reversed simply by a majority vote of a city council or county board of supervisors. "Land Committed to Nonagricultural Use" must be designated in an adopted local general plan for future nonagricultural development. The resulting development must meet the requirements of "Urban and Built-up Land" or "Other Land." County boards ofsupervisors and city councils have the final authority to designate lands in this category. Other Land: Land which does not meet the criteria of other mapping categories. The minimum mapping unit is 10 acres, except for "Grazing Land" which is 40 acres. Continued 9- GENERAL PLAN GUIDELINES121 CHAPTER III: The Required Elements of the General Plan CONSERVATION ELEMENT Areas smaller than the minimum mapping unit are incorporated into the surrounding map classification. The maps are available at cost from the California Department of Conservation. They come in two scales: (1) 1:100,000 scale (one inch on the map represents 100,000 inches on the ground): depicts Important Farmland Series map categories and geographic information on a countywide basis. (2) 1:24,000 scale (one inch on the map represents 24,000 inches on the ground) overlay map: a more detailed version of the 1:100,000 scale map which must be used in conjunction with a U.S. Geological Survey quadrangle map. Land Capability Classification (U.S. Soil Conservation Service): A grouping of soils into classes (I-VIII), subclasses, and units according to their suitability for agricultural use, based on soil characteristics and climatic conditions. Minerals: Any naturally occurring chemical element or compound, or groups of elements and compounds, formed from inorganic processes and organic substances, including, but not limited to, coal, peat, and bituminous rock, but excluding geothermal resources, natural gas, and petroleum (Public Resources Code Section 2005). Gold, sand, gravel, clay, crushed stone, limestone, diatomite, salt, borate, potash, etc., are examples of minerals. Despite the statutory definition of "mineral," local governments may also wish to consider geothermal, petroleum and natural gas resources along with their planning for minerals. Non-Renewable Natural Resources: Inanimate resources that do not increase significantly with time and whose use diminishes the total stock (e.g., minerals, fossil fuels and fossil water). Prime Agricultural Land: "Prime agricultural land" means the following: (1) All land which qualifies for rating as Class I or Class II in the Soil Conservation Service land use capability classifications. (2) Land which qualifies for rating 80 through 100 in the Stork Index Rating. (3) Land which supports livestock used for the production of food and fiber and which has an annual carrying capacity equivalent to at least one animal unit per acre as defined by the United States Department of Agriculture. (4) Land planted with fruit- or nut-bearing trees, vines, bushes, or crops which have a non-bearing period of less than five years and which will normally return during the commercial bearing period on an annual basis from the production of unprocessed agricultural plant production not less than two hundred dollars ($200) per acre. (5) Land which has returned from the production of unprocessed agricultural plant products an annual gross value of not less than two hundred dollars ($200) per acre for three of the previous five years (Government Code Section 51201(c)). (NOTE: This statutory definition may be somewhat dated.) Renewable Natural Resources: Resources that can be replaced by natural ecological cycles or sound management practices (e.g., forests and plants). Riparian Habitat: The land and plants bordering a watercourse or lake. Stork Index: A numerical system (0-100) rating the degree to which a particular soil can grow plants or produce crops, based on four factors, including soil profile, surface texture, slope, and soil limitations. Timber: " . .. \[Trees of any species maintained for eventual harvest for forest products purposes, whether planted or of natural growth, standing or down, on privately or publicly owned land, including Christmas trees, but. . . not. . . nursery stock" (Government Code Section 51104(e)). 122GENERAL PLAN GUIDELINES CHAPTER III: The Required Elements of the General Plan CONSERVATION ELEMENT Timberland Production Zone: An area which has been zoned pursuant to Government Code Section 51112 or 51113 and is devoted to and used for growing and harvesting timber, or for growing and harvesting timber and compatible uses. Watershed: The total area above a given point on a watercourse that contributes water to the flow of the watercourse; the entire region drained by a watercourse. Wetlands; Areas that are permanently wet or periodically covered with shallow water, such as saltwater and freshwater marshes, open or closed brackish marshes, swamps, mud flats, and fens. •Identification of the need for community sewage collection and treatment •Assessment of the capacities of sewers and the treatment capacities of sewage treatment plants Redamation of Water •Identification of polluted water bodies for which reclamation is feasible Erosion •Identification of areas subject to erosion using soils data from the U.S. Soil Conservation Service (map) •Assessment of historical data regarding beach and shore erosion •Identification of areas subject to potential beach and shore erosion (map) Flood Control •Identification of flood-prone areas using among other things: (Map) (LU, S) National Flood Insurance Program maps published by the Federal Emergency Management Agency; Information available from the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers; State Reclamation Board designated floodway maps; Dam failure inundation maps prepared pursuant to California Government Code Section 8589.5; Locally prepared maps of flood-prone areas; and, Historic data on flooding including information from conversations with long-time local residents. •Identification of present and possible flood control works, their effects and effectiveness and their costs including: (Map) (LU, S) - Dams -Reservoirs -Levees -Flood walls - Sea walls - Channel alterations - Diversion channels and weirs •A description of federal, state and local agencies involved in flood control including information such as (LU, S): -Jurisdictions; - Regulatory powers; GENERAL PLAN GUIDELINES123 CHAPTER III: The Required Elements of the General Plan CONSERVATION ELEMENT - Existing flood plain regulations such as presidential or gubernatorial executive orders, interstate compacts, and statutes; - The Federal Emergency Management Agency's National Flood Insurance Program; and, - Available funding and technical assistance. •Identification of existing and planned development in flood plains including: - Structures, roads, utilities; -Construction methods or designs to protect against flooding; and, - Compliance with existing regulations for flood control. Other Natural Resources (examples) •Inventory of agricultural resources, including grazing land (LU, OS) -Identification of the location, amount, and ownership ofland in agricultural production (map) - Description of agricultural production in the planning area by crop type - Identification of farmlands in accordance with the U.S. Soil Conservation Service's Important Farmland Inventory System maps. (See "Definitions: Natural Resources" in this chapter.) (map) •Assessment of air quality (OS) -Analysis of air quality trends - Assessment of existing air quality - Analysis of the potential impacts on air quality of alternative plan proposals and implementation measures -Identification of air quality impacts from vehicle emissions -Identification of air quality impacts from all other sources •Inventory of energy producing resources Inventory of resources, including wind, solar, hydroelectric, and biomass (using forest, domestic, and agricultural wastes) Inventory of energy conservation opportunities, including transportation economies, urban design (i.e., land use patterns), and residential, commercial, and industrial conservation programs IDEAS FOR DEVELOPMENT POLICIES The conservation element should contain goals, objectives, policies, principles, plan proposals and standards for the conservation, development and utilization of a city's or county's natural resources. They should be carefully matched with those of the land use and open-space elements. Here are some ideas for what might be covered by such development policies: •The protection, use, and development of bodies of water and water courses (i.e., rivers, lakes, streams, bays, harbors, estuaries, marshes, and reservoirs) (OS) •The type and intensity of development in or adjacent to water bodies and courses (LU, OS) •The protection of and development in watersheds and aquifer recharge areas (LU, OS) •The conservation of wetlands such as salt water and fresh water marshes (OS) •The protection of wild rivers (OS) 124 GENERAL PLAN GUIDELINES CHAPTER III: The Required Elements of the General Plan CONSERVATION ELEMENT •The protection or improvement of water quality (OS) •The provision of domestic, industrial, and agricultural water (OS) •The conservation of ground water •The conservation of water •The conservation of riparian vegetation (OS) •The designation of hydroelectric power generating sites (map) (LU) •The management and protection of forestry resources (LU, OS) •The conservation of forests for wildlife protection, recreation, aesthetic purposes, etc. (LU, OS) •The protection and preservation of oak woodlands (OS) •The application of timberland production zoning (LU) •The rezoning of land zoned for timberland production (LU) •The management and use of agricultural soils (LU, OS) •Erosion control and prevention (OS, S) •The development and improvement of port, harbor, and waterway facilities (CI) •The protection of water bodies and watersheds that are important for the management of commercial and recreational fishing (LU, OS) •The protection of fish and wildlife and their habitats (OS) •The protection of plant species and their habitats (OS) •The protection of rare and endangered plants and animals and their habitats (OS) •The protection, use, and development of mineral deposits, including oil and gas and geothermal resources. (This should include policies developed under the Surface Mining and Reclamation Act (see Chapter VI)) (OS) •Development adjacent to or near mineral deposits, mining sites, and oil, gas, and geothermal developments (LU, OS) •Coordination of water programs with other water agencies •Land reclamation in areas where mining, prolonged irrigation, landfill activities, hazardous materials storage or disposal, erosion, etc., have occurred (LU) •The protection of water quality •The elimination of existing water pollution sources •The development, improvement and timing of major sewer, water and storm drainage projects (LU, CI) •The siting of landfills in relation to water bodies (among other considerations) •The siting ofhazardous materials storage and disposal facilities with regard to nearby water bodies (and other considerations) (LU) •The use of hazardous materials in areas where water pollution is possible •The reclamation of polluted water bodies •Erosion control (OS, S) •Flood control (LU, OS, S) GENERAL PLAN GUIDELINES125 CHAPTER III: The Required Elements of the General Plan OPEN SPACE ELEMENT •The conservation, development and utilization of other natural resources such as: farm and grazing lands (LU, OS) air quality (LU, CI, OS) energy resources (H) •The protection or improvement of air quality (LU, CI, OS) Technical Assistance The following state agencies may provide information or assistance for the preparation ofthe conservation element: Department of Boating and Waterways, California Coastal Commission, State Coastal Conservancy, Department of Conservation, Energy Resources, Conservation and Development Commission, Department of Fish and Game, Department of Food and Agriculture, Department of Forestry, Department of Parks and Recreation (Resource Protection Division), Department of Water Resources, Wildlife Conservation Board, and Office of Planning and Research. OPEN-SPACE ELEMENT Contents PERTINENT CALIFORNIA CODE SECTIONS Government Code Section 65302(e): \[The general plan shall include\] an open-space element as provided in Article 10.5 (commencing with \[Government Code\] Section 65560). Government Code Section 65560: (a) "Local open-space plan" is the open-space element ofa county or city general plan adopted by the board or council, either as the local open-space plan or as the interim local open-space plan adopted pursuant to Section 65563. (b) "Open-space land" is any parcel or area of land or water which is essentially unimproved and devoted to an open-space use as defined in this section, and which is designated on a local, regional or state open-space plan as any of the following: (1) Open space for the preservation of natural resources including, but not limited to, areas required for the preservation of plant and animal life, including habitat for fish and wildlife species; areas required for ecologic and other scientific study purposes; rivers, streams, bays and estuaries; and coastal beaches, lake shores, banks of rivers and streams, and watershed lands. (2) Open space used for the managed production of resources, including but not limited to, forest lands, rangeland, agricultural lands and areas of economic importance for the production of food or fiber; areas required for recharge of ground water basins; bays, estuaries, marshes, rivers and streams which are important for the management of commercial fisheries; and areas containing major mineral deposits, including those in short supply. (3) Open space for outdoor recreation, including but not limited to, areas of o utstanding scenic, historic and cultural value; areas particularly suited for park and recreation purposes, including access to lake shores, beaches, and rivers and streams; and areas which serve as links between major recreation and open-space reservations, including utility easements, banks of rivers and streams, trails, and scenic highway corridors. 126GENERAL PLAN GUIDELINES CHAPTER III: The Required Elements of the General Plan OPEN SPACE ELEMENT (4) Open space for public health and safety, including, but not limited to, areas which require special management or regulation because of hazardous or special conditions such as earthquake fault zones, unstable soil areas, flood plains, watersheds, areas presenting high fire risks, areas required for the protection ofwater quality and water reservoirs and areas required for the protection and enhancement of air quality. Government Code Section 65561: The Legislature finds and declares as follows: (a) That the preservation of open-space land, as defined in this article, is necessary not only for the maintenance of the economy of the state, but also for the assurance of the continued availability of land for the production of food and fiber, for the enjoyment of scenic beauty, for recreation and for the use of natural resources. (b) That discouraging premature and unnecessary conversion ofopen-space land to urban uses is a matter of public interest and will be of benefit to urban dwellers because it will discourage noncontiguous development patterns which unnecessarily increase the costs of community services to community residents. (c) That the anticipated increase in the population of the state demands that cities, counties, and the state at the earliest possible date make definite plans for the preservation of valuable open-space land and take positive action to carry out such plans by the adoption and strict administration of laws, ordinances, rules and regulations as authorized, by this chapter or by other appropriate methods. (d) That in order to assure that the interest of all its people are met in the orderly growth and development of the state and the preservation and conservation of its resources, it is necessary to provide for the development by the state, regional agencies, counties and cities, including charter cities, of statewide coordinated plans for the conservation and preservation of open-space lands. (e) That for these reasons this article is necessary for the promotion of the general welfare and for the protection of the public interest in open-space land. Government Code Section 65562: It is the intent of the Legislature in enacting this article: (a) To assure that cities and counties recognize that open-space land is a limited and valuable resource which must be conserved wherever possible. (b) To assure that every city and county will prepare and carry out open-space plans which, along with state and regional open- space plans, will accomplish the objectives of a comprehensive open-space program. Government Code Section 65563: On or before December 31, 1973, every city and county shall prepare, adopt and submit to the Secretary of the Resources Agency a local open-space plan for the comprehensive and long-range preservation and conservation ofopen-space land within its jurisdiction . . . . Government Code Section 65564: Every local open-space plan shall contain an action program consisting of specific programs which the legislative body intends to pursue in implementing its open-space plan. Government Code Section 65566: Any action by a county or city by which open-space land or any interest therein is acquired or disposed of or its use restricted or regulated, whether or not pursuant to this part, must be consistent with the local open-space plan. Government Code Section 65567: No building permit may be issued, no subdivision map approved, and no open-space zoning ordinance adopted, unless the proposed construction, subdivision or ordinance is consistent with the local open-space plan. Legislative Intent Action Program Consistency GENERAL PLAN GUIDELINES127 CHAPTER III: The Required Elements of the General Plan OPEN SPACE ELEMENT Trails Public Resources Code Section 5076: In developing the open-space element of a general plan as specified in subdivision (e) of Section 65302 of the Government Code, every city and county shall consider demands for trail-oriented recreational use and shall consider such demands in developing specific open-space programs. Further, every city, county, and district shall consider the feasibility of integrating its trail routes with appropriate segments of the state system. Government Code Section 65303: The general plan may . . . address any other subjects which, in the judgment of the legislative body, relate to the physical development of the county or city. BACKGROUND The Legislature added the requirement for an open-space element to state law in 1970, with compliance required by December 31, 1973. Alo ng with the housing element, the open-space element has a clear statutory intent (see Government Code Sections 65561 and 65562) and, next to land use, is broadest in scope (see the first paragraph of Government Code Section 65563 and subdivision (b) of Government Code Section 65560). Because of this breadth, open space issues overlap those of several other elements. For instance, the land use element's issues of agriculture, natural resources, recreation, enjoyment ofscenic beauty and (to a certain extent) public grounds are covered by open space provisions. "Open space for the preservation of natural resources" and "open space used for the managed production of resources" encompass the concerns of the conservation element. "Open space for public health and safety" covers issues similar to those found in the safety element. Statutory Compliance Internal Consistency Meaning COURT INTERPRETATIONS Save El Toro Assn. v. Days (1977) 74 Cal.App.3d 64, reinforces the open-space plan requirement. The California Court of Appeal held that because the city of Morgan Hill had not adopted an open-space plan, the city could not acquire, regulate or restrict open space land or approve a subdivision map. Mere adoption, however, does not protect a local jurisdiction from the adverse consequences of a law suit challenging an open-space element. An open-space element must also meet the specifications of the Government Code, including an inventory of open space resources. An important aspect ofa legally adequate open-space element is its standing in a general plan. Open-space elements have equal legal status with all other elements. The California Court of Appeal in Sierra Club v. Kern County (1981) 126 Cal.App.3d 698, voided a precedence clause that gave a land use element priority over an open-space element on the grounds that it violated Government Code Section 65300.5 (requiring that elements of a general plan comprise an integrated, internally consistent and compatible statement of policy). No Oil, Inc. v. City ofLos Angeles (1988) 196 Cal.App.3d 223 offers an interpretation of the meaning ofthe term "open space for the managed production of resources." A citizens' group challenged the city's approval of oil drilling zones in a coastal area designated as open space by the Brentwood-Pacific Palisades district plan. Absent specific contradictory language in 128GENERAL PLAN GUIDELINES CHAPTER III: The Required Elements of the General Plan OPEN SPACE ELEMENT the district plan, the court held that because oil recovery is the managed production of a natural resource it was therefore consistent with the plan's open space areas. In light of this decision, we strongly suggest that local general plans specify the types of land use which are intended to comprise open space. RELEVANT ISSUES The issues addressed by an open-space element shall include any of the following (Government Code Section 65560 and Public Resources Code Section 5076): Open space for the preservation of natural resources including, but not limited to: •Areas required for the preservation of plant and animal life including habitat for fish and wildlife; •Areas required for ecologic and other scientific study; rivers, streams, bays and estuaries; coastal beaches, lake shores, banks of rivers and streams, and watersheds; Open space used for the managed production of resources including, but not limited to: •Forest lands, rangeland, agricultural lands and areas of economic importance for the production of food or fiber; •Areas required for recharge of ground water basins; •Bays, estuaries, marshes, rivers and streams which are important for the management of commercial fisheries; and, •Areas containing major mineral deposits, including those in short supply. Open space for outdoor recreation including, but not limited to: •Areas of outstanding scenic, historic and cultural value; •Areas particularly suited for park and recreation purposes, including access to lake shores, beaches, and rivers and streams; •Areas which serve as links between major recreation and open-space reservations, including utility easements, banks of rivers and streams, trails, and scenic highway corridors. Open space for public health and safety including, but not limited to: •Areas that require special management or regulation because of hazardous or special conditions such as earthquake fault zones, unstable soil areas, flood plains, watersheds, areas presenting high fire risks, areas required for the protection ofwater quality and water reservoirs and areas required for the protection and enhancement of air quality. •Open space areas designed for fuel break and fuel reduction zones, helispots, and fire access. Open space fire safety standards and policies can be implemented by the adoption of open space zoning regulations. Such regulations would help eliminate the owner-byowner agreements and public agency financing now necessary for construction and maintenance. Demands for trail-oriented recreational use (Public Resources Code Section 5076). (Cities and counties must consider such demands in developing specific open-space programs.) GENERAL PLAN GUIDELINES129 CHAPTER III: The Required Elements of the General Plan OPEN SPACE ELEMENT The feasibility of integrating city and county trail routes with appropriate segments of the California Recreational Trails System (Public Resources Code Section 5076). (See the California Recreational Trails Act, commencing with Public Resources Code Section 5070.) IDEAS FOR DATA AND ANALYSIS The following are suggested topics for the data collection and analysis necessary for the development of open space policies: Open Space for the Preservation of Natural Resources •Inventory of natural vegetation, fish and wildlife and their habitats, including rare and endangered species (Map) (CO, LU) Inventory of plants, natural communities and special animals using the California Department of Fish and Game's "Natural Diversity Data Base." The data base covers all areas of the state and produces overlay printouts for use with U.S.G.S. quadrangle maps. Contact the Non-Game Heritage Program of the California Department of Fish and Game. Listing of the types of animals that might be found in a particular habitat, the time of year they might be found there, and their activities using information from the "Wildlife Habitat Relationships Program." Contact the Wildlife Management Division of the California Department of Fish and Game. Inventory of existing and proposed areas for ecologic and other scientific study Inventory of oak woodlands (CO) - Identification ofexisting oak woodlands where the density oftrees is five or more oaks per acre and Blue, Engelman, Valley or Coast Live oak species dominate (map) - Assessment of the effects of past land use decisions upon oak woodlands and identification of factors causing any decline in the oak woodlands •Inventory of water resources, including rivers, lakes, streams, bays, estuaries, reservoirs, ground water basins (aquifers), and watersheds (map) (CO) - Mapping of water bodies (map) - Identification of the uses of waterways and other bodies of water (e.g., transportation, harbors, and domestic, industrial, agricultural, and recreational use) - Delineation of the boundaries of watersheds, aquifer recharge areas and the depth of ground water basins - Analysis of the effects of weather on bodies of water (e.g., seasonal factors in water availability) •Assessment of the quality of various bodies of water, water courses, and ground water - Delineation of the boundaries and description of unique water resources (e.g., salt-water and fresh-water marshes and wild rivers) - Mapping of beaches, lake shores and river and stream banks - Review of plans prepared by the state for designated wild and scenic rivers (map) Open Space for Resource Management •Inventory of forest resources (LU, CO) - Description of the type, location, amount, and ownership of forests with a value for commercial timber production, wildlife protection, recreation, watershed protection, aesthetics, and other purposes (map) 130GENERAL PLAN GUIDELINES CHAPTER III: The Required Elements of the General Plan OPEN SPACE ELEMENT - Description of the type, location, amount, and ownership of land and timber resources subject to Timberland Production Zoning (map) •Inventory of agricultural resources, including rangeland (LU, CO) - Identification of the location, amount, and ownership of land in agricultural production (map) - Description of agricultural production in the planning area by crop type •Inventory of soil resources (CO) - Classification of soils (including identification of prime agricultural land) in the planning area by the Stork Index or the U.S. Soil Conservation Service's Land Capability Classification system (see "Useful Definitions And Information" in the section of this chapter dealing with the conservation element) (map) - Identification of areas subject to soil erosion •Inventory of ground water recharge areas (map) (CO) •Inventory of water bodies that are important for the management of commercial fisheries (map) (CO) •Inventory of mineral resources (LU, CO) Identification of the type, location, extent, and quality of mineral resources, including oil and gas (map) Description of the location and extent of geothermal resources (map) Location of mineral resource areas, classified and designated by the State Mining and Geology Board under the Surface Mining and Reclamation Act (map) Open Space for Outdoor Recreation •Inventory and analysis of other areas of outstanding scenic beauty (map) (LU) •Inventory and analysis ofhistoric and cultural resources, including archaeological sites and historically and architecturally significant structures, sites, and districts (map) (Note: because of the possibility that archaeological sites may be vandalized, the exact locations of the sites should not be publicized.) •Assessment of the demand for public and private parks and recreational facilities and an inventory of areas particularly suited to parks and recreational purposes (LU) Description ofthe type, location, and size of existing public (federal, state, regional, and local) and private parks and recreational facilities (map) Review of federal, state, regional, and local plans and proposals for the acquisition and improvement of public parks (map) Assessment of present and future demands for parks and recreational facilities •Inventory of points of public access to lake shores, beaches, rivers and streams (map) (LU) •Inventory and analysis of scenic highway corridors -Identification of state highways included in the Master Plan of State Highways Eligible for Official State Designation and local highways of scenic significance. (map) -Assessment of identified scenic highway corridors and their appropriate boundaries, scenic features, and relationship to surroundings, the incompatible, existing development within the corridor, the proposed realignments or improvements, and the potential for future public and private development within the corridor •Inventory of recreational trails and areas and an assessment of the demand for them (map) (LU) •Inventory of trails proposed by and developed under the California Recreational Trails Plan of 1978 (California Department of Parks and Recreation -- see Public Resources Code Sections 5076 and 5070 et seq.) GENERAL PLAN GUIDELINES131 CHAPTER III: The Required Elements of the General Plan OPEN SPACE ELEMENT Open Space for Public Health and Safety •General geology and seismic history of the region and the planning area (S) •Assessment of the potential for surface rupture (S) - Geological evaluation of the potential for displacement along active and potentially active faults in the planning area (map) - Location of Special Studies Zones designated by the State Geologist under the Alquist-Priolo Special Studies Zones Act (see Chapter VI) (map) •Assessment of the potential for ground shaking (S) -Identification of active and potentially active faults in the region (map) - Historical data on seismic ground shaking within the planning area - Geological evaluation of the potential for ground shaking based on a maximum credible earthquake (map) •Assessment of the potential for ground failure (S) - Geological evaluation of the potential for seismically induced landslides, mudslides, liquefaction, and soil compaction (map) •Assessment of slope stability (CO, S) - Historical data on landslides and mudslides -Geological evaluation of the potential for landslides and mudslides (map) •Assessment of the potential for cliff erosion (S) - Historical data on cliff erosion -Geological evaluation of the potential for cliff erosion (map) •Assessment of the potential for land subsidence (S) - Historical data on land subsidence resulting from extraction of ground water, gas, oil and geothermal resources and from hydrocompaction and peat oxidation - Geological evaluation of the potential for further subsidence (map) •Identification of flood-prone areas using: (LU, CO, S) National Flood Insurance Program maps published by the Federal Emergency ManagementAgency; -Information from the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers; -State Reclamation Board designated floodway maps (for the Sacramento and San Joaquin Valleys only); -Dam failure inundation maps prepared pursuant to California Government Code Section 8589.5; -Locally prepared maps of flood-prone areas; and/or, - Historical data on flooding including information from conversations with long-time local residents. •Identification ofwatersheds and key areas for the protection ofwater quality and reservoirs (map) (CO) •Assessment of the risk of wild land fires (S) - Identification and classification of areas of varying fire hazard severity based on fuel loading (vegetation), weather and slope, and historical data (map) - Identification of the development, facilities, and people in and near hazardous areas - Evaluation of the adequacy of access to hazardous areas (e.g., types of roads, dead-end roads) •Identification of areas necessary for the protection and enhancement of air quality (map) 132GENERAL PLAN GUIDELINES CHAPTER!!!: The Required Elements of the General Plan OPEN SPACE ELEMENT IDEAS FOR DEVELOPMENT POLICIES The open-space element should contain goals, objectives, policies, principles, plan proposals and standards for the preservation and utilization of a city's or county's open space areas and resources. They should be carefully matched with those of the land use, conservation and safety elements. In addition, the range of uses that will be considered compatible within open space areas should be specified. Here are some ideas for what might be covered by such development policies: •The protection of fish and wildlife and their habitats, including rare and endangered species (CO) •The protection of rare and endangered plants (CO) •Development in or near existing and proposed areas of ecologic or other scientific study •The protection and preservation of oak woodlands and the maniclatory replacement planting of native oaks where oak woodlands are proposed for alteration (CO) •The protection, use, and development of water bodies and water courses (e.g., rivers, lakes, streams, bays, harbors, estuaries, marshes, and reservoirs) (CO) •Land use characteristics in watersheds (LU, CO) •The protection of beaches, lakeshores and river and stream banks (CO) •The protection of aquifer recharge areas, including specification of minimum parcel sizes (LU, CO) •The protection of water quality (CO) •The protection of designated wild and scenic rivers (CO) •The protection of forestry resources, including specifications for compatible uses and minimum parcel sizes (LU, CO) •The protection, use and development of agricultural lands (e.g., field crops, orchards, grazing, etc.), including specifications for compatible uses and minimum parcel sizes (LU) •The use of timberland production zoning (LU, CO) •The prevention of soil erosion (CO, S) •The preservation of ground water recharge areas •The protection of water bodies and watersheds that are important for the management of commercial fisheries (CO) •Land use relationships in areas containing major mineral deposits -- including policies, plan proposals, and standards developed under the Surface Mining and Reclamation Act (see Chapter VI) (LU, CO) •Protection of areas of outstanding scenic beauty (LU) •The protection of archaeological sites (LU) •The preservation of historically or culturally significant sites (LU) •The type, location, acquisition, development, and management of public and private parks and recreational areas (LU) •Park exactions under the Subdivision Map Act (QuimbyAct --Government Code Section 66477(d)) (LU) GENERAL PLAN GUIDELINES133 CHAPTER III: The Required Elements of the General Plan OPEN SPACE ELEMENT •The protection and improvement of access to lakeshores, beaches, rivers and streams (LU) •The development of local scenic highway corridors •The preservation of aesthetic scenery within scenic highway corridors •The protection, improvement, development, and maintenance of recreational trails and related facilities •Coordination of trails with access to waterways required under the Subdivision Map Act •The integrating of local trails with state and federal trail systems (see Public Resources Code Section 5076) •The type, location, and intensity of development in areas of seismic linqrds (LU, S) •The type, location, and intensity of land uses in areas with unstable soils (LU, CO, S) •The type, location and intensity of land uses within flood-prone areas (LU, CO, S) •The type, location and intensity of development in areas subject to inundation from dam failures (LU, S) •The type, location, and intensity of land uses in fire-hazard areas (S) EAS FOR OPEN-SPACE ACTION PROGRAMS Pursuant to California Government Code Section 65564, "Every local open-space plan shall contain an action program consisting of specific programs which the legislative body intends to pursue in implementing its open-space plan." The Office of Planning and Research describes some ideas for open space action programs in its publication Putting Action into the Open Space Element: Techniques for Preserving Open Space and Farmland This OPR publication elaborates on many of the action programs listed below. While the first item on the list (i.e., some type of open-space zoning) is a state requirement for counties and general law cities, the other ideas are suggestions only and are meant to stimulate thinking about action programs. •Open-space zoning pursuant to California Government Code Section 65910 (e.g., exclusive agriculture zones, large-lot zones, overlay zones for hazards areas, etc.) •Public acquisition of open space (see Chapter V) •Private acquisition of open space (e.g., land trusts or conservancies) •Preferential assessments (see Chapter V) •Conditional use permit exactions •Application of the Quimby Act to subdivision approvals (see Government Code Section 66477) •Provisions for open space in specific plans (see Chapter V) •Provisions for open space in development agreements (see Chapter V) •Transfer of development rights (see Chapter V) •Open space in planned unit developments •Open space standards included in a performance zoning ordinance (see Chapter V) L 1 134GENERAL PLAN GUIDELINES